Consensus Mechanism

1pub struct StakeDelegation {
2    /// Vote account to delegate to
3    pub vote_account: Pubkey,
4    
5    /// Stake authority
6    pub stake_authority: Pubkey,
7    
8    /// Withdraw authority
9    pub withdraw_authority: Pubkey,
10    
11    /// Stake amount in lamports
12    pub stake_amount: u64,
13    
14    /// Lockup period
15    pub lockup: Option<Lockup>,
16}
17
18impl StakeDelegation {
19    pub fn create_stake_account(
20        &self,
21        payer: &Keypair,
22        stake_account: &Keypair,
23    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
24        let rent = Rent::get()?.minimum_balance(std::mem::size_of::<StakeState>());
25        
26        let mut transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(
27            &[
28                // Create stake account
29                system_instruction::create_account(
30                    &payer.pubkey(),
31                    &stake_account.pubkey(),
32                    rent + self.stake_amount,
33                    std::mem::size_of::<StakeState>() as u64,
34                    &stake::program::id(),
35                ),
36                // Initialize stake account
37                stake::instruction::initialize(
38                    &stake_account.pubkey(),
39                    &stake::state::Authorized {
40                        staker: self.stake_authority,
41                        withdrawer: self.withdraw_authority,
42                    },
43                    &self.lockup.unwrap_or_default(),
44                ),
45                // Delegate stake
46                stake::instruction::delegate_stake(
47                    &stake_account.pubkey(),
48                    &self.stake_authority,
49                    &self.vote_account,
50                ),
51            ],
52            Some(&payer.pubkey()),
53        );
54        
55        Ok(transaction)
56    }
57    
58    pub fn deactivate_stake(
59        &self,
60        stake_account: &Pubkey,
61    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
62        let transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(
63            &[stake::instruction::deactivate_stake(
64                stake_account,
65                &self.stake_authority,
66            )],
67            Some(&self.stake_authority),
68        );
69        
70        Ok(transaction)
71    }
72}

1pub struct VoteAccountManager {
2    /// RPC connection
3    pub connection: Arc<RpcClient>,
4    
5    /// Vote account
6    pub vote_account: Pubkey,
7    
8    /// Vote authority
9    pub vote_authority: Keypair,
10    
11    /// Withdraw authority
12    pub withdraw_authority: Keypair,
13}
14
15impl VoteAccountManager {
16    pub async fn create_vote_account(
17        &self,
18        node_pubkey: &Pubkey,
19        commission: u8,
20    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
21        let rent = self.connection
22            .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(VoteState::size_of())
23            .await?;
24            
25        let mut transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(
26            &[
27                // Create account
28                system_instruction::create_account(
29                    &self.vote_authority.pubkey(),
30                    &self.vote_account,
31                    rent,
32                    VoteState::size_of() as u64,
33                    &solana_vote_program::id(),
34                ),
35                // Initialize vote account
36                vote_instruction::initialize_account(
37                    &self.vote_account,
38                    node_pubkey,
39                    &self.vote_authority.pubkey(),
40                    &self.withdraw_authority.pubkey(),
41                    commission,
42                ),
43            ],
44            Some(&self.vote_authority.pubkey()),
45        );
46        
47        Ok(transaction)
48    }
49    
50    pub async fn update_commission(
51        &self,
52        new_commission: u8,
53    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
54        let transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(
55            &[vote_instruction::update_commission(
56                &self.vote_account,
57                &self.withdraw_authority.pubkey(),
58                new_commission,
59            )],
60            Some(&self.withdraw_authority.pubkey()),
61        );
62        
63        Ok(transaction)
64    }
65    
66    pub async fn withdraw_rewards(
67        &self,
68        rewards_account: &Pubkey,
69    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
70        let balance = self.connection
71            .get_balance(&self.vote_account)
72            .await?;
73            
74        let transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(
75            &[vote_instruction::withdraw(
76                &self.vote_account,
77                &self.withdraw_authority.pubkey(),
78                balance,
79                rewards_account,
80            )],
81            Some(&self.withdraw_authority.pubkey()),
82        );
83        
84        Ok(transaction)
85    }
86}

1pub struct TowerBFT {
2    /// Vote state
3    pub vote_state: VoteState,
4    
5    /// Root slot
6    pub root_slot: Slot,
7    
8    /// Locked out slots
9    pub lockouts: Vec<Lockout>,
10    
11    /// Last voted slot
12    pub last_voted_slot: Option<Slot>,
13}
14
15impl TowerBFT {
16    pub fn process_vote(
17        &mut self,
18        slot: Slot,
19        hash: Hash,
20    ) -> Result<Vote, ProgramError> {
21        // Check if slot is locked out
22        if self.is_locked_out(slot) {
23            return Err(ProgramError::InvalidArgument);
24        }
25        
26        // Create vote
27        let vote = Vote::new(vec![slot], hash);
28        
29        // Update lockouts
30        self.lockouts.push(Lockout {
31            slot,
32            confirmation_count: 0,
33        });
34        
35        // Update last voted slot
36        self.last_voted_slot = Some(slot);
37        
38        Ok(vote)
39    }
40    
41    pub fn is_locked_out(&self, slot: Slot) -> bool {
42        self.lockouts.iter().any(|lockout| {
43            lockout.slot >= slot
44                && lockout.confirmation_count > MINIMUM_CONFIRMATIONS
45        })
46    }
47    
48    pub fn process_new_root(
49        &mut self,
50        root: Slot,
51    ) -> Result<(), ProgramError> {
52        // Update root
53        self.root_slot = root;
54        
55        // Prune lockouts
56        self.lockouts.retain(|lockout| lockout.slot > root);
57        
58        Ok(())
59    }
60}

1pub struct SlashingProtector {
2    /// Validator vote account
3    pub vote_account: Pubkey,
4    
5    /// Stake account
6    pub stake_account: Pubkey,
7    
8    /// Monitoring thresholds
9    pub thresholds: SlashingThresholds,
10    
11    /// Historical performance
12    pub history: VoteHistory,
13}
14
15impl SlashingProtector {
16    pub async fn check_validator_behavior(
17        &self,
18        connection: &RpcClient,
19    ) -> Result<ValidatorStatus, ProgramError> {
20        // Get vote account status
21        let vote_account = connection
22            .get_vote_account(&self.vote_account)
23            .await?;
24            
25        // Check for double voting
26        if self.detect_double_voting(&vote_account)? {
27            return Ok(ValidatorStatus::DoubleVoting);
28        }
29        
30        // Check for skip rate
31        let skip_rate = self.calculate_skip_rate(&vote_account)?;
32        if skip_rate > self.thresholds.max_skip_rate {
33            return Ok(ValidatorStatus::ExcessiveSkips);
34        }
35        
36        // Check for downtime
37        let uptime = self.calculate_uptime(&vote_account)?;
38        if uptime < self.thresholds.min_uptime {
39            return Ok(ValidatorStatus::Downtime);
40        }
41        
42        Ok(ValidatorStatus::Healthy)
43    }
44    
45    pub async fn handle_slashing_event(
46        &self,
47        connection: &RpcClient,
48        status: ValidatorStatus,
49    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
50        match status {
51            ValidatorStatus::DoubleVoting => {
52                // Emergency unstake all funds
53                self.emergency_unstake(connection).await
54            }
55            ValidatorStatus::ExcessiveSkips | ValidatorStatus::Downtime => {
56                // Partial unstake based on severity
57                let unstake_amount = self.calculate_unstake_amount(status)?;
58                self.partial_unstake(connection, unstake_amount).await
59            }
60            ValidatorStatus::Healthy => Ok(Transaction::default()),
61        }
62    }
63    
64    async fn emergency_unstake(
65        &self,
66        connection: &RpcClient,
67    ) -> Result<Transaction, ProgramError> {
68        // Create emergency unstake instruction
69        let instruction = stake::instruction::deactivate_stake(
70            &self.stake_account,
71            &self.stake_authority,
72        );
73        
74        // Build and return transaction
75        let transaction = Transaction::new_with_payer(
76            &[instruction],
77            Some(&self.stake_authority),
78        );
79        
80        Ok(transaction)
81    }
82    
83    fn detect_double_voting(
84        &self,
85        vote_account: &VoteAccountStatus,
86    ) -> Result<bool, ProgramError> {
87        // Check for conflicting votes in history
88        for votes in vote_account.votes.windows(2) {
89            if votes[0].slot >= votes[1].slot {
90                return Ok(true);
91            }
92        }
93        
94        Ok(false)
95    }
96}

1pub struct ValidatorMonitor {
2    /// RPC connection
3    pub connection: Arc<RpcClient>,
4    
5    /// Metrics client
6    pub metrics: Arc<MetricsClient>,
7    
8    /// Alert system
9    pub alerts: Arc<AlertSystem>,
10    
11    /// Monitoring thresholds
12    pub thresholds: MonitoringThresholds,
13}
14
15impl ValidatorMonitor {
16    pub async fn monitor_validator_performance(
17        &self,
18        vote_account: &Pubkey,
19    ) -> Result<ValidatorMetrics, ProgramError> {
20        // Get vote account status
21        let status = self.connection
22            .get_vote_account(vote_account)
23            .await?;
24            
25        // Calculate metrics
26        let metrics = ValidatorMetrics {
27            epoch_credits: status.epoch_credits,
28            skip_rate: self.calculate_skip_rate(&status)?,
29            uptime: self.calculate_uptime(&status)?,
30            commission: status.commission,
31            last_vote: status.last_vote,
32        };
33        
34        // Check thresholds
35        self.check_thresholds(&metrics).await?;
36        
37        // Record metrics
38        self.record_metrics(vote_account, &metrics).await?;
39        
40        Ok(metrics)
41    }
42    
43    async fn check_thresholds(
44        &self,
45        metrics: &ValidatorMetrics,
46    ) -> Result<(), ProgramError> {
47        // Check skip rate
48        if metrics.skip_rate > self.thresholds.max_skip_rate {
49            self.alerts.send_alert(
50                AlertType::HighSkipRate {
51                    skip_rate: metrics.skip_rate,
52                    threshold: self.thresholds.max_skip_rate,
53                },
54            ).await?;
55        }
56        
57        // Check uptime
58        if metrics.uptime < self.thresholds.min_uptime {
59            self.alerts.send_alert(
60                AlertType::LowUptime {
61                    uptime: metrics.uptime,
62                    threshold: self.thresholds.min_uptime,
63                },
64            ).await?;
65        }
66        
67        Ok(())
68    }
69    
70    async fn record_metrics(
71        &self,
72        vote_account: &Pubkey,
73        metrics: &ValidatorMetrics,
74    ) -> Result<(), ProgramError> {
75        self.metrics.record_metrics(
76            vote_account,
77            &[
78                ("skip_rate", metrics.skip_rate),
79                ("uptime", metrics.uptime),
80                ("epoch_credits", metrics.epoch_credits as f64),
81                ("commission", metrics.commission as f64),
82            ],
83        ).await
84    }
85}